1. Bone model showing very distal radial fracture repaired using one version of hybrid frame. The short fracture segment can be captured with 2 or 3 fine wires while the balance of the frame uses half-pins to form a Type I-b frame.

2. Close-up of 6.3mm titanium hybrid rod with 6mm thread being mounted to a single ring. This rod allows construction of hybrid frames with standard small SK™ clamps. Spherical nuts/washers as well as a hybrid adapter can also be used to allow some angular adjustment.

3. Radiograph of SK™ ring-hybrid frame applied to distal humerus. This case utilized traditional pins off the ring instead of fine wire like the model in picture 1. A single carbon rod was used to triangulate the frame for medial support.

4. Circular ESF frame applied to radius curvus model showing use of angular hinges and motors to correct valgus, cranial bow and limb shortening. This frame can correct more severe deformities when a typical osteotomy, acute correction, and standard ESF application cannot correct the abnormality.

5. Gross photo showing use of stretch ring and 5/8” ring to keep ring size minimal while avoiding soft tissue trauma. These ring versions are particularly useful with half-pins to minimize soft tissue trauma at proximal tibia.

6 Model of circular ESF applied to spine. Spinal arches are coupled with threaded rods. Half-pins can come off rings or threaded rods (by using small SK™ ESF clamps for threaded rods). The strength of standard SK™ ESF rods also allows application of more typical Type I-b frames to the spine.